4TH PERIOD ENGLISH REINFORCEMENT-11

4TH PERIOD ENGLISH REINFORCEMENT
11th GRADE
Taller
1. Read the text
2. Select, at least, 20 new words, and look for the meanings in the English – Spanish dictionary.
3. Look for the meanings of the following words in the English dictionary: literature, age, novel, telegram, class, time, factory, life, important teacher, book, theater, member ,fundamental, cinema, social, suicide
4. Write five characteristics of Albert Camus
5. Answer the following questions:

Who was Camu’s Philosophy teacher?
What did Camus received in 1957?
Who did Camus marry by the second time?
Who did Camus found the left-wing Resistance newspaper Combat, with?
What was Le mythe de sisyphe?
When did Camus die?
What was Camus planning at the time of his death?
What did Camus do from 1955 to 1956?
What novel did Camus write about the Nazi occupation of France?
Who did Camus admire? (2)
How many novels did Camus write and what were their names?


Albert Camus (1913-1960)French novelist, essayist and playwright, who received the 1957 Nobel Prize for literature. Camus was closely linked to his fellow existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre in the 1940s, but he broke with him over Sartre's support to Stalinist politics. Camus died at the age of forty-six in a car accident near Sens, France. Among his best-known novels are The Stranger (1942) and The Plague (1947)."Mother died today. Or maybe yesterday, I don't know. I had a telegram from the home: 'Mother passed away. Funeral tomorrow. Yours sincerely.' That doesn't mean anything. It may have happened yesterday." (from The Stranger) Albert Camus was born in Mondovi, Algeria, into a working-class family. Camus's mother, Catherine Hélène Sintés, was an illiterate cleaning woman. She came from a family of Spanish origin. Lucien Auguste Camus, his father, was an itinerant agricultural laborer. He died of his wounds in 1914 after the Battle of the Marne - Camus was less than a year old at that time. His body was never sent to Algeria. During the war, Catherine Hélène worked in a factory. She was partly deaf, due to a stroke that permanently impaired her speech, but she was able to read lips. In their home "things had no names", as Camus later recalled. But he loved his mother intensely: "When my mother's eyes were not resting on me, I have never been able to look at her without tears springing into my eyes."In 1923 Camus won a scholarship to the lycée in Algiers, where he studied from 1924 to 1932. Incipient tuberculosis put an end to his athletic activities. The disease was to trouble Camus for the rest of his life. Between the years 1935 and 1939 Camus held various jobs in Algiers. He also joined the Communist Party, but his interest in the works of Marx and Engels was rather superficial. More important writers in his circle were André Malraux and André Gide.In 1936 Camus received his diplôme d'étudies supérieures from the University of Algiers in philosophy. To recover his health he made his first visit to Europe. Camus' first book, L'ENVERS ET L'ENDROIT (1937), was a collection of essays, which he wrote at the age of twenty-two. Camus dedicated it to his philosophy teacher, Jean Grenier. The philosopher Brice Parain maintained that the little book contained Camus' best work, although the author himself considered the form of his writings clumsy.By this time Camus' reputation in Algeria as a leading writer was growing. He was also active in theater. In 1938 Camus moved to France. Next year he divorced his first wife, Simone Hié, who was a morphine addict. From 1938 to 1940 Camus worked for the Alger-Républicain, reviewing among others Sartre's books, and in 1940 for Paris-Soir. In 1940 he married Francine Faure, a pianist and mathematician.During WW II Camus was member of the French resistance. From 1943 he worked as a reader and editor of Espoir series at Gallimard publisher. With Sartre he founded the left-wing Resistance newspaper Combat, serving as its editor. His second novel, L'ÉTRANGER (The Stranger), which he had begun in Algeria before the war, appeared in 1942. It has been considered one of the greatest of all hard-boiled novels. Camus admired the American tough novel and wrote in The Rebel (1951) that "it does not choose feelings or passions to give a detailed description of, such as we find in classic French novels. It rejects analysis and the search for a fundamental psychological motive that could explain and recapitulate the behavior of a character..."The story of The Stranger is narrated by a doomed character, Mersault, and is set between two deaths, his mother's and his own. Mersault is a clerk, who seems to have no feelings and spends afternoons in lovemaking and empty nights in the cinema. Like Dostoevsky's Raskolnikov from Crime and Punishment (1866), he reaches self-knowledge by committing a crime - he shoots an Arab on the beach without explicit reason and motivation - it was hot, the Arab had earlier terrorized him and his friend Raymond, and he had an headache. Mersault is condemned to die as much for his refusal to accept the standards of social behavior as for the crime itself. "The absurd man will not commit suicide; he wants to live, without relinquishing any of his certainty, without a future, without hope, without illusions, and without resignation either. He stares at death with passionate attention and this fascination liberates him. He experiences the "divine irresponsibility" of the condemned man." (from Sartre analysis of Mersault, in Literary and Philosophical Essays, 1943)In the cell Mersault faces the reality for the first time, and his consciousness awakens. "It was as if that great rush of anger had washed me clean, emptied me of hope, and gazing up at the dark sky spangled with its signs and stars, for the first time, the first, I laid my heart open to the benign indifference of the universe." Luchino Visconti's film version from 1967 meticulously reconstructed an Algiers street so that it looked exactly as it had during 1938-39, when the story takes place. But the 43-year-old Marcello Mastroianni, playing 30-year-old Mesault, was considered too old, although otherwise his performance was praised.In 1942 also appeared Camus' philosophical essay LE MYTHE DE SISYPHE. It starts with the famous statement: "There is only one really serious philosophical question, and that is suicide. Deciding whether or not life is worth living is to answer the fundamental question in philosophy. All other questions follow from that." Camus compares the absurdity of the existence of humanity to the labours of the mythical character Sisyphus, who was condemned through all eternity to push a boulder to the top of a hill and watch helplessly as it rolled down again. Camus takes the nonexistence of God granted and finds meaning in the struggle itself."A novel is never anything but a philosophy put into images," Camus wrote. He admired Sartre's gift's as a novelist, but did not find his two sides, philosophy and storytelling, both equally convincing. In an essay written in 1952 he praises Melville's Billy Budd. Melville, according to Camus, "never cut himself off from flesh or nature, which are barely perceptible in Kafka's work." Camus also admired William Faulkner and made a dramatic adaptation of Faulkner's Requiem for a Nun. In 1946 Camus spent some time in New York, and wrote: "I don't have a precise idea about New York myself, even after so many days, but it continues to irritate me and seduce me at the same time."In 1947 Camus resigned from Combat and published in the same year his third novel, LA PESTE, an allegory of the Nazi occupation of France. A small town is abruptly forced to live within narrow boundaries under a terror - death is loose on the streets. In the besieged city some people try to act morally, some are cowards, some lovers. "None the less, he knew that the tale he had to tell could be one of a final victory. It could only be the record of what had had to be done, and what assuredly would have to be done again in the never-ending fight against terror and its relentless onslaughts, despite their personal afflictions, by all who, while unable to be saints but refusing to bow down to pestilences, strive their utmost to be healers."Before his break with Sartre Camus wrote L'HOMME RÉVOLTÉ (1951), which explores the theories and forms of humanity's revolt against authority. The book was criticized in Sartre's Temps modernes. Camus was offended and Sartre responded with a scornful letter. From 1955 to 1956 Camus worked as a journalist for L'Express. Among his major works from the late-1950s are LA CHUTE (1956), an ironic novel in which the penitent judge Jean-Baptiste Clamence confesses his own moral crimes to a strager in an Amsterdam bar. Jean-Baptiste reveals his hypocrisy, but at the same time his monologue becomes an attack on modern man.At the time of his death, Camus was planning to direct a theater company of his own and to write a major novel about growing up in Algeria. Several of the short stories in L'EXILE ET LA ROYAUME (1957) were set in Algeria's coastal towns and inhospitale sands. The unfinished novel LA MORT HEUREUSE (1970) was written in 1936-38. It presented the young Camus, or Patrice Mersault, seeking his happiness from Prague to his hometown in Algiers, announcing towards the end of the book "What matters - all that matters, really - is the will to happiness, a kind of enormous, ever-present consciousness. The rest - women, art, success - is nothing but excuses." In LE PREMIER HOMME (1994), the story of Jacques Cormery, Camus charted the history of his family and his lycée years. The manuscript was found in the car, a Facel Vega, in which he died on January 4, 1960.

EVALUACIÓN

1. Presentar el taller y el mismo día que corresponda al refuerzo
2. Aprenderse, siquiera 5 preguntas con sus respuestas, de las 10 que se dieron
3. Aprenderse siquiera 10 palabras de las nuevas
4. Aprenderse siquiera 5 definiciones en inglés de las palabras consultadas en inglés-inglés
5. Presentar dos exámenes con las tres últimas recomendaciones, (2,3 y 4)

3rd PERIOD ENGLISH REINFORCEMENT-11

Pronombres relativos

Which, el cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales
That, que
Who, quien
Whose, cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas



PASAR A INGLÉS LAS SIGUIENTES FRASES
Ese es el joven cuyos padres murieron en ese accidente de tránsito
Esa es la artista a quien yo vi en televisión
Ese es el vidrio que yo quebré ayer en la tarde
Esos son los artículos los cuales, (que) escribí para el periódico
Ese es el equipo de fútbol, cuyos jugadores se negaron a asistir al partido
Ese es el idioma que hablan los habitantes de ese país
Esa es la persona a quien vimos en el concierto de la orquesta sinfónica
Esa es la gran mentira que le dijo Pedro a su amiga
Esos son los poemas, los cuales fueron analizados por el jurado en el concurso
Esas son las herramientas que los obreros usaron en la construcción

Pronombres indefinidos

Anyone, alguien
Anything, algo
Anybody, alguien
Anywhere, alguna parte

Someone, alguien, alguno
Something, algo
Somebody, alguien
Somewhere, en alguna parte

No one, nadie, ninguno
Nothing, nada
Nobody, ninguno
Nowhere, ninguna parte

Everyone, todos, todo el mundo
Everything, todo, todas las cosas
Everybody, todos, todo el mundo
Everywhere, en todas partes

Hacer un escrito en inglés sobre la violencia en el mundo, en el cual se incluyan los anteriores pronombres.
EVALUACIÓN
1. Presentar el taller anterior sin errores
2. Presentar dos exámenes escritos

4th PERIOD ENGLISH REINFORCEMENT- 10th

Passive voice

CARACTERISTICAS
1. Se dice que una oración está en VOZ ACTIVA cuando la significación del verbo es producida por la persona gramatical a quien aquél se refiere:Pedro de Mendoza founded Buenos Aires.(Pedro de Mendoza fundó Buenos Aires).
2. Se dice que una oración está en VOZ PASIVA cuando la significación del verbo es recibida por la persona gramatical a quien aquél se refiere:Buenos Aires was founded by Pedro de Mendoza.(Buenos Aires fue fundada por Pedro de Mendoza).
3. Se forma con el auxiliar del verbo to be y el participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga.
4. El complemento de la oración activa pasa a sujeto de la pasiva. Como en castellano, el sujeto de la activa se puede conservar como sujeto agente.
5. Cuando un verbo tiene dos complementos se pueden hacer dos estructuras de pasiva:a) A book was sent to Tom by Mr. Smith, Un libro fue enviado a Tom por Mr. Smith.b) Tom was sent a book by Mr. Smith (pasiva idiomática). Esta estructura no es posible en castellano.
MODELO DE VERBO EN VOZ PASIVATO BE SEEN = SER VISTO

PRESENTEI am seen, soy vistoyou are seen, eres vistohe is seen, es vistowe are seen, somos vistosyou are seen, sois vistosthey are seen, son vistosPRETERITO PERFECTOI have been seen, he sido vistoyou have been seen, has sido vistohe has been seen, ha sido vistowe have been seen, hemos sido vistosyou have been seen, habéis sido vistosthey have been seen, han sido vistos
PASADOI was seen, fui vistoyou were seen, fuiste vistohe was seen, fue vistowe were seen, fuimos vistosyou were seen, fuisteis vistosthey were seen, fueron vistosFUTUROI shall be seen, seré vistoyou will be seen, serás vistohe will be seen, será vistowe shall be seen, seremos vistosyou will be seen, seréis vistosthey will be seen, serán vistos

PRETERITO PLUSCUAMPERFECTO: I had been seen, había sido vistoCONDICIONAL: I should be seen, sería vistoFUTURO PERFECTO: I shall have been seen, habré sido vistoCONDICIONAL PERFECTO: I should have been seen, habría sido visto






VOZ ACTIVA Y PASIVA: REGLAS PRACTICAS EN 4 PASOS.

1. La voz pasiva se forma con el verbo to be conjugado más el participio del verbo principal. En inglés es mucho más frecuente que en español y, normalmente, aparece cuando no es importante quien realiza una acción sino el hecho en sí. Por eso, no siempre que veamos una pasiva, tenemos que traducirlo literalmente, puesto que en español suena más forzado. Sólo es posible el uso de la voz pasiva con verbos transitivos (verbos que llevan complemento directo).

VOZ ACTIVATom writes a letterTom is writing a letterTom was writing a letterTom wrote a letterTom has written a letterTom had written a letterTom will write a letterTom can write a letterTom could write a letterTom must write a letterTom may write a letterTom might write a letter
VOZ PASIVAA letter is written by TomA letter is being written by TomA letter was being written by TomA letter was written by TomA letter has been written by TomA letter had been written by TomA letter will be written by TomA letter can be written by TomA letter could be written by TomA letter must be written by TomA letter may be written...A letter might be written...

2. El sujeto agente se expresa con by. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de las ocasiones se prescinde del sujeto ya que no nos interesa saber quién exactamente ejecuta la acción. Si una oración activa tiene complemento directo e indirecto, cualquiera de los dos complementos puede ser sujeto paciente de la pasiva:
ACTIVE: Someone gives me a dogPASSIVE 1: A dog is given to mePASSIVE 2: I am given a dog (forma pasiva idiomática)
La forma pasiva de doing, seeing, etc es being done, being seen, etc.
ACTIVE: I don't like people telling me what to doPASSIVE: I don't like being told what to do
En ocasiones en las que ocurre algo a veces imprevisto, no planeado o fortuito para la formación de la voz pasiva se prefiere usar get y no be:get hurt, get annoyed, get divorced, get married, get invited, get bored, get lost
3. Las construcciones impersonales (se dice, se comenta, etc.) son muy típicas de la pasiva y difíciles de traducir para los hispanoparlantes. Este tipo de construcción pasiva -utilizada cada vez con mayor frecuencia en los medios- se forma con la estructura sujeto + to be + participle: It is reported (Se informa); It is said (Se dice); It is known (Se sabe); It is supposed (Se supone); It is considered (Se considera); It is expected (Se espera). Veamos algunos ejemplos:ACTIVE: Everybody thinks Cathy works very hard. PASSIVE 1: Cathy is thought to work very hard. (Se piensa que Cathy...)PASSIVE 2: It is thought that Cathy works very hard. (Se piensa que Cathy...)
ACTIVE: They believe Tom is wearing a white pullover.PASSIVE 1: Tom is believed to be wearing a white pullover. (Se cree que...)PASSIVE 2: It is believed that Tom is wearing a white pullover. (Se cree que...)
4. USOS ADICIONALES DE SUPPOSEa) Se usa en afirmativo para acciones que estaban planeadas, que se supone que van a realizar, u obligaciones que uno debería cumplir.You were supposed to be here at 9:00 am!!b) Otras veces, el uso de supposed indica que estos planes o obligaciones finalmente no se cumplieron:The train was supposed to arrive at 5 o'clock. (but it arrived at 8 o'clock)You were supposed to go to the supermarket. (but you didn't go)c) Por el contrario, en negativo, supposed significa la no conveniencia o prohibición de hacer algo:You are not supposed to smoke here. (you are not allowed to smoke here)You are not supposed to copy our web files. (you must not copy our web files)


Albert Camus (1913-1960)French novelist, essayist and playwright, who received the 1957 Nobel Prize for literature. Camus was closely linked to his fellow existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre in the 1940s, but he broke with him over Sartre's support to Stalinist politics. Camus died at the age of forty-six in a car accident near Sens, France. Among his best-known novels are The Stranger (1942) and The Plague (1947)."Mother died today. Or maybe yesterday, I don't know. I had a telegram from the home: 'Mother passed away. Funeral tomorrow. Yours sincerely.' That doesn't mean anything. It may have happened yesterday." (from The Stranger) Albert Camus was born in Mondovi, Algeria, into a working-class family. Camus's mother, Catherine Hélène Sintés, was an illiterate cleaning woman. She came from a family of Spanish origin. Lucien Auguste Camus, his father, was an itinerant agricultural laborer. He died of his wounds in 1914 after the Battle of the Marne - Camus was less than a year old at that time. His body was never sent to Algeria. During the war, Catherine Hélène worked in a factory. She was partly deaf, due to a stroke that permanently impaired her speech, but she was able to read lips. In their home "things had no names", as Camus later recalled. But he loved his mother intensely: "When my mother's eyes were not resting on me, I have never been able to look at her without tears springing into my eyes."In 1923 Camus won a scholarship to the lycée in Algiers, where he studied from 1924 to 1932. Incipient tuberculosis put an end to his athletic activities. The disease was to trouble Camus for the rest of his life. Between the years 1935 and 1939 Camus held various jobs in Algiers. He also joined the Communist Party, but his interest in the works of Marx and Engels was rather superficial. More important writers in his circle were André Malraux and André Gide.In 1936 Camus received his diplôme d'étudies supérieures from the University of Algiers in philosophy. To recover his health he made his first visit to Europe. Camus' first book, L'ENVERS ET L'ENDROIT (1937), was a collection of essays, which he wrote at the age of twenty-two. Camus dedicated it to his philosophy teacher, Jean Grenier. The philosopher Brice Parain maintained that the little book contained Camus' best work, although the author himself considered the form of his writings clumsy.By this time Camus' reputation in Algeria as a leading writer was growing. He was also active in theater. In 1938 Camus moved to France. Next year he divorced his first wife, Simone Hié, who was a morphine addict. From 1938 to 1940 Camus worked for the Alger-Républicain, reviewing among others Sartre's books, and in 1940 for Paris-Soir. In 1940 he married Francine Faure, a pianist and mathematician.During WW II Camus was member of the French resistance. From 1943 he worked as a reader and editor of Espoir series at Gallimard publisher. With Sartre he founded the left-wing Resistance newspaper Combat, serving as its editor. His second novel, L'ÉTRANGER (The Stranger), which he had begun in Algeria before the war, appeared in 1942. It has been considered one of the greatest of all hard-boiled novels. Camus admired the American tough novel and wrote in The Rebel (1951) that "it does not choose feelings or passions to give a detailed description of, such as we find in classic French novels. It rejects analysis and the search for a fundamental psychological motive that could explain and recapitulate the behavior of a character..."< align="left"> The story of The Stranger is narrated by a doomed character, Mersault, and is set between two deaths, his mother's and his own. Mersault is a clerk, who seems to have no feelings and spends afternoons in lovemaking and empty nights in the cinema. Like Dostoevsky's Raskolnikov from Crime and Punishment (1866), he reaches self-knowledge by committing a crime - he shoots an Arab on the beach without explicit reason and motivation - it was hot, the Arab had earlier terrorized him and his friend Raymond, and he had an headache. Mersault is condemned to die as much for his refusal to accept the standards of social behavior as for the crime itself. "The absurd man will not commit suicide; he wants to live, without relinquishing any of his certainty, without a future, without hope, without illusions, and without resignation either. He stares at death with passionate attention and this fascination liberates him. He experiences the "divine irresponsibility" of the condemned man." (from Sartre analysis of Mersault, in Literary and Philosophical Essays, 1943)In the cell Mersault faces the reality for the first time, and his consciousness awakens. "It was as if that great rush of anger had washed me clean, emptied me of hope, and gazing up at the dark sky spangled with its signs and stars, for the first time, the first, I laid my heart open to the benign indifference of the universe." Luchino Visconti's film version from 1967 meticulously reconstructed an Algiers street so that it looked exactly as it had during 1938-39, when the story takes place. But the 43-year-old Marcello Mastroianni, playing 30-year-old Mesault, was considered too old, although otherwise his performance was praised.In 1942 also appeared Camus' philosophical essay LE MYTHE DE SISYPHE. It starts with the famous statement: "There is only one really serious philosophical question, and that is suicide. Deciding whether or not life is worth living is to answer the fundamental question in philosophy. All other questions follow from that." Camus compares the absurdity of the existence of humanity to the labours of the mythical character Sisyphus, who was condemned through all eternity to push a boulder to the top of a hill and watch helplessly as it rolled down again. Camus takes the nonexistence of God granted and finds meaning in the struggle itself."A novel is never anything but a philosophy put into images," Camus wrote. He admired Sartre's gift's as a novelist, but did not find his two sides, philosophy and storytelling, both equally convincing. In an essay written in 1952 he praises Melville's Billy Budd. Melville, according to Camus, "never cut himself off from flesh or nature, which are barely perceptible in Kafka's work." Camus also admired William Faulkner and made a dramatic adaptation of Faulkner's Requiem for a Nun. In 1946 Camus spent some time in New York, and wrote: "I don't have a precise idea about New York myself, even after so many days, but it continues to irritate me and seduce me at the same time."< align="left"> "It is not rebellion itself which is noble but the demands it makes upon us." (from The Plague, 1947) In 1947 Camus resigned from Combat and published in the same year his third novel, LA PESTE, an allegory of the Nazi occupation of France. A small town is abruptly forced to live within narrow boundaries under a terror - death is loose on the streets. In the besieged city some people try to act morally, some are cowards, some lovers. "None the less, he knew that the tale he had to tell could be one of a final victory. It could only be the record of what had had to be done, and what assuredly would have to be done again in the never-ending fight against terror and its relentless onslaughts, despite their personal afflictions, by all who, while unable to be saints but refusing to bow down to pestilences, strive their utmost to be healers."Before his break with Sartre Camus wrote L'HOMME RÉVOLTÉ (1951), which explores the theories and forms of humanity's revolt against authority. The book was criticized in Sartre's Temps modernes. Camus was offended and Sartre responded with a scornful letter. From 1955 to 1956 Camus worked as a journalist for L'Express. Among his major works from the late-1950s are LA CHUTE (1956), an ironic novel in which the penitent judge Jean-Baptiste Clamence confesses his own moral crimes to a strager in an Amsterdam bar. Jean-Baptiste reveals his hypocrisy, but at the same time his monologue becomes an attack on modern man.At the time of his death, Camus was planning to direct a theater company of his own and to write a major novel about growing up in Algeria. Several of the short stories in L'EXILE ET LA ROYAUME (1957) were set in Algeria's coastal towns and inhospitale sands. The unfinished novel LA MORT HEUREUSE (1970) was written in 1936-38. It presented the young Camus, or Patrice Mersault, seeking his happiness from Prague to his hometown in Algiers, announcing towards the end of the book "What matters - all that matters, really - is the will to happiness, a kind of enormous, ever-present consciousness. The rest - women, art, success - is nothing but excuses." In LE PREMIER HOMME (1994), the story of Jacques Cormery, Camus charted the history of his family and his lycée years. The manuscript was found in the car, a Facel Vega, in which he died on January 4, 1960.

TALLER
Estudiar todo lo referente a la voz pasiva
En el texto sobre Albert Camus, buscar las oraciones en voz pasiva y escribirlas
Estas oraciones convertirlas a voz activa
Las oraciones de voz pasiva y voz activa, convertirlas a preguntas de información.

IMPORTANTE !!!!!!!!!! Esquema de pregunta

WH+ AUX+SUBJECT+COMPLEMENTS, activa
WH+ TO BE(en la forma que esté)+SUBJECT+ COMPLEMENTS, pasiva

EVALUACIÓN
1. Presentar el taller sin errores en el logro que se evalúa
2. Presentar dos exámenes del tema trabajado en el taller

3rd PERIOD ENGLISH REINFORCEMENT - 10TH

THERE IS – THERE ARE
There is (hay) = se usa para expresar que algo o alguien existe (singular).There are = se usa para expresar que muchas cosas o personas existen (plural).Ex:There is a chair in the classroom. (hay una silla en el salón de clases) There are 20 persons there, (hay 20 personas allí)
"there is" and "there are" se derivan de "there be (haber "de existir")".
there is a table in your house. Affirmative, singular there is not a table in your house. negative: Is there a table in your house?. there are 10 students in the class. Affirmative, plural there aren´t 10 students in the class. Negative, plural Are there 10 students in the class?. Yes, no question
How many books are there in the library? Information question
Cuando "there be" se combina o se fusiona con "going to be", forman la siguiente expresión:
There is going to be (va a haber...) = singular.There are going to be (va a haber...) = plural.Ex: there is going to be an action movie on the cinema, (va a haber una película de acción en el cinema).
there are going to be 10 students in this class. (va a haber 10 estudiantes en esta clase)
OTROS TIEMPOS
There was, hubo, había, singular
There were, hubo, había, plural
There will be, habrá, plural, singular
There has been, ha habido, singular
There have been, ha habido, plural
There had been, había habido, singular, plural
There might be, puede haber, pueden haber
There must be, debe haber, deben haber
There should be, debería haber, deberían haber
There Could be, pudo haber, pudieron haber, podría haber, podrían haber
There would be, habría, plural, singular
If there were, si hubiera, singular, plural

TALLER
Con los siguientes complementos y las diferentes tiempos del there is, formar oraciones, (incluyendo negativas y preguntas) y aprendérselas
Una fiesta muy famosa la semana pasada
Muchos accidentes en la carretera durante el mes
Menos pobreza en el mundo si hubiera más solidaridad
Pena de muerte para los secuestradores de niños
Cuatro manzanas en la mesa del comedor
La posibilidad de mejorar en el estudio
Una marcha por la paz del mundo
Una celebración de cumpleaños mañana en la tarde
Un balance económico muy positivo en la empresa
Demasiadas enfermedades durante el presente siglo

EVALUACIÓN
Presentar el taller resuelto y sin errores del logro
Presentar dos exámenes escritos

LICEO DE BACHILLERATO DE LA UIVERSIDAD DE MEDELLIN

BLOG EN CONSTRUCCIÓN

Second period­­­­­­­­_ 11th grade

REINFORCEMENT

Second period­­­­­­­­_ 11^th grade ­­

BEETHOVEN:

Beethoven's father, Johanns, was a court Tenor and pianist and was the first person to instruct young Ludwig in music. He taught him the piano, violin, and also possibly the viola. He went to elementary school in the Neugasse until his first public performance at the age of 7, where his father, seeing the latent talent that his son possessed, sought out for him other teachers, more suited for his talent. The most notable of his teacher was Christian Gottlob Neefe, who was responsible for introducing young Ludwig to the music of Johann Sebastian Bach. By 1782, Beethoven was already assisting Neefe as deputy court organist in Bonn, and it was in the same year that his first work, a set of variations on a march theme by Dressler, was published. He then played viola in the Bonn symphony until he went to Vienna in 1787, with the idea of studying with Mozart. His plan for studying with Mozart was cut short though, by the sudden death of his mother, and thusly he being recalled back to Bonn to be at her bedside when she finally passed on. He returned to Vienna in 1792, to study with Haydn, ( Mozart having died in 1791).

He was to remain in Vienna for the rest of his life, where he was to write his most remembered, and popular pieces, including Symphonies 4,5 and 9. He became well known at first, for his piano playing, having attained the level of virtuoso, and became well known among the aristocracy for his ability to improvise. By 1802, he was to have written 32 of his piano sonatas, and his first 2 symphonies, 18 string quartets, and his first 3 piano concertos. Sadly though, it was around this time, that the deafness, that he had noticed coming on 5-6 years previously, began to hit him even harder. This was a time of great despair for him, as is seen in the letters he wrote to his brothers in the "Heiligenstadt Testament", which were never sent, but were found among his possessions along with the "Immortal Beloved " letters, after his death. During this middle period of his life, he wrote symphonies 3-8,piano concertos 4 & 5, and his violin concerto, to name a few.

His involvement in the custody dispute of his nephew Karl, also slowed his musical output, and his production of music until around 1816 was almost stagnant. But the years following 1816 are arguably his most productive, with his 9th symphony, his final 7 piano sonatas, and a set of string quartets, which unlike their predecessors., have 6 and 7 movements, instead of the usual 4. He was able to complete these masterful creations, including the extended finale in the 9th symphony, Ode to Joy, while being almost completely deaf.. There is a story that circulates which says that at the finish of conduction the 9th, he just stood there facing the symphony, and not knowing that the crowd was applauding, because of his deafness, and his ability to hear the applause. He had to be turned around, to see the effect of his musical masterpiece upon the crowd. He continued to compose late into his life, until his death. He was buried with honors in Vienna, and his funeral was said to have been attended by more then 10,000 people, which shows the true following that his music created among the people who were blessed with being

TALLER

NOTA. El taller debe ser realizado a mano, en hojas de bloc tamaño carta.

Sino presenta el taller, no tiene derecho a los exámenes.

1. Traducir el texto

2. Subrayar vocabulario y consultarlo. Aprenderse mínimo 20 palabras, (primer examen)

3. Hacer lista de verbos

4. Pasar las siguientes preguntas (referentes al texto) a inglés y responderlas

   1. ¿Quién fue el primer instructor de Beethoven?

   2. ¿A qué edad fue su primera presentación?

   3. ¿Qué pasó en 1802?

   4. ¿Dónde tocó Beethoven la viola, (instrumento parecido al violín)

   5. ¿Con quién estudió Beethoven cuando volvió a Viena en 1792?

5. Aprenderse las preguntas y las respuestas en inglés para uno de los exámenes

First period­­­­­­­­_ 11th grade

REINFORCEMENT

First period­­­­­­­­_ 11^th grade ­­

VINCENT VAN GOGH

Van Gogh produced some 800 paintings and a similar number of drawings. He also left some 600 letters mostly written to his beloved and devoted brother, Theo. He failed miserably in love, friendship, career, and in the three relationships to which he was most devoted; his Calvinist minister father, his church, and his god. He spoke Dutch, French, German and English, read extensively and failing as a preacher he devoted himself to painting the worker and nature.

In 1880, at the age of 26, he suffered his first nervous breakdown. He wrote to his brother saying

"In spite of everything, I shall rise again: I will take up my pencil, which I have forsaken in my great discouragement, and I will go on with my drawing."

His early work depicts humble subjects, his middle years are portraits, room settings, and "still lifes" of flowers and in his last years, after admitting himself into sanatorium he created his finest work. Vincent Van Gogh sold only one painting during his life time.

1853 Vincent van Gogh is born on March 30 in Groot-Zundert, Holland to Theodorus Van Gogh and Anna Cornelia née Carbentus

1857 His brother Theo is born on May 1.

1864 Vincent starts school and begins to draw.

1869 After finishing his schooling, Vincent is apprenticed to the Paris great art dealers Goupil & Cie, in the Hague and visits the museums.

1872 Vincent spends much time with his brother, Theo. They begin a lifelong correspondence.

1873 Vincent is transferred to the London branch of Goupil & Cie and falls in love with the daughter of the Mrs. Ursula Loyer, who runs the boarding house where he is staying. He is rejected and depression sets in.

1874 He is transferred to the Paris branch. By the end of the year, he returns to London.

1875 His job deteriorates but his bible studies become obsessive.

1876 He journeys to Ramsgate, England where he takes a post at a small boarding school. Later he takes a new job as a teacher and curate with a Methodist minister. His religious fervour increases, but his physical and mental state deteriorate.

1877 Vincent leaves England and takes a job in a bookshop, behaves abrasively, leaves and pursues religious studies in Amsterdam.

1878 Formal religious studies end, but, with a religious vocation, Vincent travels to the Borinage, and reads from the bible to the miners, lives in poverty and tends to the sick.

1879 His behaviour is extreme. Vincent is soon relieved of his position and suffers depression at his failure. He moves to Cuesmes to work helping miners. His religious devotion begins to wane and his interest in painting is renewed. Theo begins to financially support him from now until his death. He undertakes some studies of anatomy and perspective at the Academy in Brussels.

1881 He visits Theo and has his advances rejected by his cousin Cornelia Adriana Vos-Stricker. He spends time with the painter, Anton Mauve who introduces Vincent to watercolours. Vincent's mental state again deteriorates and his relationship with his father also begins to crumble.

1882 Vincent meets Clasina Maria Hoornik and they move in together. A prostitute with a five year old daughter and is pregnant with another child. He is hospitalised for three weeks for gonorrhoea. Then he begins to experiment with oils and spends much time painting nature as well as using the woman and her newborn child as models.

1883 Vincent ends his relationship and devotes himself exclusively to his work. He travels to Drente in northern Holland and paints the bleak landscape as well as the peasant workers. Later in the year, Vincent moves to Nuenen to stay with his parents.

1884 Begins a relationship with a neighbour's daughter, Margot Begemann. Both families are opposed to their plan to marry and, in despair, Margot attempts to poison herself. He strikes up a friendship with Anton C. Kerssemakers and spends much time discussing art and visiting museums.

1885 After the death of his father in March, Vincent paints his first great work, The Potato Eaters . He begins to use a greater variety of colours and becomes interested in Japanese woodcuts.

1886 Attempts more formal training in art at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, but he rejects many of the principles he's taught and withdraws. Moves to Paris and lives with Theo. Submits some of his works to the Antwerp Academy and is put in a beginner's class then leaves. A turning point when he begins studies with Cormon where he meets John Russell, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Emile Bernard. Theo introduces him to the works of the Impressionists: Claude Monet, Pierre-August Renoir, Camille Pissarro, Edgar Degas and Georges Seurat. He becomes friends with painter, Paul Gauguin, He experiments with Japonaiseries and pointillism.

Paul Guguin and the home in Arles

1888 Leaves Paris in February and moves to Arles. The bad, winter weather prevents Vincent from working, but come spring he begins painting the flowering Provence landscapes. He moves into the "Yellow House", and hopes to establish as an artists' community. He paints some of his best work. Gauguin arrives in October and moves in. An extremely productive time for Vincent and Gauguin, though turbulent. Their relationship is finally destroyed on December 23 when Vincent is supposed to have attacked Gauguin with a razor. Vincent loses all reason and cuts off his left earlobe. He then wraps it in newspaper and presents it to a prostitute at the local brothel he frequented. He is then hospitalised and shortly afterward Theo arrives and he leaves hospital on January 7. At times he is calm and coherent; at others he suffers hallucinations and delusions. He enters the Saint Paul-de-Mausole mental asylum at Saint-Rémy-de-Provence. His series of twisted olive groves and cypresses are painted from the asylum, but he tries to poison himself by swallowing his paints. He confines himself indoors and begins to do a series paintings based on the works of other artists. As his mental state deteriorates his work begins to receive recognition in the art community. He is invited to exhibit six of his works by Octave Maus, secretary of the Belgian artist group, Les XX. He again tries to poison himself.

1890 His works gain more recognition. On January 31 Theo's wife, Jo, gives birth to a son who they name Vincent Willhem. He is put under the care of Dr. Paul Gachet. He arrives in Paris looking fit and well. In May he moves to Auvers-sur-Oise, just north of Paris and begins to paint with incredible energy, producing more than 80 paintings in his last two months. Dr. Gachet feels that Vincent has made a complete recovery, and Vincent spends a great deal of time with Theo, his wife Jo and their new son. Theo experiences financial difficulties and his new son is ill. Vincent visits Theo on July 6 and is devastated, his mental state plummets. On July 27 Vincent goes for a walk and shoots himself in the chest with a pistol but staggers home. He is eventually found, but the bullet cannot be removed. He spends his last hours sitting up in bed and smoking a pipe, with Theo at his side. Near the end, Theo climbs into bed with Vincent and cradles his head in his arms. Vincent says: "I wish I could pass away like this." Vincent dies early the next morning on July 29. The funeral takes place shortly thereafter and his coffin is covered with dozens of sunflowers, which he loved so much.

1891 After Vincent's death Theo fell into a deep depression and died a mere six months after that of his brother on the 25th January at age 33. His doctor noted that 'Theo suffered from overstrain and sorrow: he had a life full of emotional stress"

1914 Theo's body is exhumed and he is buried in a grave next to Vincent in Auvers-sur-Oise.

Brother Theo, his wife Johanna & son Vincent Willem and Vincent Willem later in life.

Vincent Willem inherited the vast bulk of the paintings of his uncle and turned them over in the 1960's to be housed in a new museum built by the Netherlands Government (see below)

Vincent and Me

Many years ago I visited Arles the town that saw some great works by Van Gough, but one of the enduring memories was a trip to the Van Gough Museum in Amsterdam. The largest collection of paintings and memorabilia of this profound artist. Arranged in order of composition the paintings read like an autobiography. As you walk past you can see the moods and twisted disintegration of a mind of genius. No art experience has affected me so.

TALLER

NOTA. El taller debe ser realizado a mano, en hojas de bloc tamaño carta.
Sino presenta el taller, no tiene derecho a los exámenes.

1. Traducir el texto

2. Subrayar vocabulario y consultarlo. Aprenderse mínimo 20 palabras, (primer examen)

3. Hacer lista de verbos

4. Pasar las siguientes preguntas (referentes al texto) a inglés y responderlas

   1. ¿Cuántas Cartas escribió Van Goh, y la mayoría, a quién?

   2. ¿Qué hizo Van Goh al final de 1874?

   3. ¿Por qué se deterioró el estado mental de Van goh?

   4. ¿En qué año conoció Van Goh a Classina María Hoornik?

   5. ¿En qué año y con quién se mudó Van Goh a París?

5. Aprenderse las preguntas y las respuestas en inglés para uno de los exámenes